4. Reproductive Isolating Mechanisms

Speciation forms when gene flow is prevented and reproductive isolating mechanisms are built up in the different populations.

Over time, new phenotypes may develop through mutation. If the populations become reproductively isolated and there is no gene flow for a long time, the two populations will show divergent evolution. This could lead to speciation. 

There are two types of reproductive isolating mechanisms (RIMs). 

Prezygotic Isolating Mechanisms

Prezygotic isolating mechanisms are those (potentially due to mutation) that prevent successful fusing of gametes (fertilisation), preventing a zygote (fertilised egg) from being formed. 

Read the different types of prezygotic isolating mechanisms below, and then answer the questions. 

Geographical Isolation - preference for a different location, or separation by a geographic barrier. 

Ecological (Habitat) Isolation - occupying or breeding in different habitats in the same area.

Structural (Morphological) Isolation - different structures, e.g. reproductive parts.

Temporal isolation - different timing of mating, active at different times. 

Behavioural Isolation - differences in courtship or mating behaviours. 

Gametic Isolation - differences in gametes, making them incompatible. 

Postzygotic Isolating Mechanisms

Sometimes, sperm may still successfully fertilise eggs of different species (despite the prezygotic isolating mechanisms), forming a hybrid. 

Postzygotic mechanisms are barriers that occur after fertilisation has taken place, so that hybrids are prevented from producing viable offspring themselves. 

There are 3 postzygotic isolating mechanisms. 

A single barrier might not completely isolate a gene pool, but more than one isolating mechanisms could isolate the populations and lead to speciation. 

Notes

B3.5 C4 Reproductive Isolating Mechanisms.pdf

Reproductive isolation in islands. Less predators